CONTENT LIST
Introduction
Some of the examples of linear equations are
2x – 3 = 0,
2y = 8,
m + 1 = 0,
x/2 = 3,
Above mentioned equations are examples of liner equations in one variable.Which you have studied in the previous class and the solution of each equation can be determined separately .
x + y = 2,
2x-y = 2,
x +3y = 12,
Above mentioned equations are examples of liner equations in two variable.Which you have studied in the class 9.Any linear equation in two variables has an infinite solution.To determine the unique solution of linear equations in two variables,We require a pair of linear equations .
An equation which can be written in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are real numbers, and a and b are not both zero, is called a linear equation in two variables.
Graphical representation of Linear Equation in two Variable.
The graph of a linear equation is a straight line. Coordinates of each point on the line are a solution to the equation.The coordinates of a point represent the point's location on the Cartesian plane. Coordinates are written in ordered pairs:(x,y). Coordinate is also called ordered pair.
A solution of linear equation in two variable involves a pair of values, one for x(first variable) and one for y(second variable) which satisfy the given equation.
Example: x+2y=0
When we take x=0, we get y=0, therefore (0,0)is the solution of the equation.
When we take x=4, we get y=–2, therefore (4,–2) is the solution of the equation.
When we take x=6 , we get y=–3 , therefore (6,–3) is the solution of the equation.
There is infinite solutions of a linear equation in two variables can be obtained as above.
When we draw a graph of ordered pair which is obtained as the solution of the above equation we get a straight line.
x = 0 is the equation of the y - axis and y = 0 is the equation of the x - axis.
x = a is the equation of the straight line parallel to y - axis.
y = a is the equation of the straight line parallel to x - axis.
Finding the solution of a Linear Equation in Two Variables
The solution of a linear equation in two variables is determined using different methods, such as:
- Substitution Method
- Elimination Method
- Graphical Method
- Cross-multiplication Method
Substitution Method
Steps of solving lenar equation by Substitution Method- Solve one equation for either x or y.
- Substitute the expression from step one into the 2nd equation.
- Solve the second equation for the given variable as linear equation in one variable.
- Put you solution back into the first equation and get value of another variable
- Write your solution as a point.
Here equation 1 is 'x - 5y = 7'
x = 7 + 5y
Putting the value of 'x' in equation no.2
Equation2: 2x - 4y = 8
=> 2 * (7 + 5y) - 4y = 8
=> 14 + 10y - 4y = 8
=> 14 + 6y =8
=> 6y = 8 - 14
=> 6y = -6
=> y = -6/6
=> y = -1
The value of 'x' is :
x = 7 + 5y
=> 7 + 5 * -1
=> 7 + (-5)
=> 7 - 5
x = 2
∴ The root of the equation is (2,-1)
Elimination Method
Step 1: First of all, multiply both the given equations by some suitable non-zero constants to make the coefficients of any one of the variables (either x or y) numerically equal.
Step 2: After that, add or subtract equation-1 from the other in such a way that one variable gets eliminated. Thus, you get an equation in one variable, and determine the value of variable.
Step 3: Put this value of one varible obtained in any of the given equations to get the value of another variable.
x - 5y = 7 ------------------(equation i)
2x - 4y = 8 ------------------(equation ii)
Now multiply 2 in equation i and 1 in equation ii
2 * (x - 5y = 7) = 2x - 10y = 14------------------(equation iii)
1 * (2x - 4y = 8) = 2x - 4y = 8------------------(equation iv)
Now substract equation iii from equation iv
(2x - 4y) - (2x - 10y) = 8 - 14
2x - 4y - 2x - 10y = 8 - 14
4y - 10y = -6
6y = -6
y = -1
Putting the value of 'y' in equation i
x - 5y = 7
x - 5 * (-1) = 7
x - -5 = 7
x + 5 = 7
x = 7 - 5
x = 2
∴ The root of the equation is (2,-1)
Graphical Method
In order to determine solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables graphically we follow the below steps:Step 1. Get the given pair linear equations in two variables.
Step 2. Plot the graph of the 1st equation and then the 2nd equation on the same coordinate system.
The following three cases may arise while plotting the graphs:
Case 1. If the graph lines of both the equation intersect at a point, then the given pair of linear equation has a unique solution and it is the coordinates of the point of intersection.
Case 2. If the graph lines are coinciding, then the system is consistent and has infinitely many solutions.
Case 3. If the graph lines are parallel, then the given system of equations is inconsistent that is it has no solution.
Now, let us solve the system of linear equations by the graphical method
Cross-multiplication Method
A given pair of linear equations in two variables:
(a)1x + (b)1y + (c)1 = 0
(a)2x + (b)2y + (c)2 = 0
By using cross multiplication, the values x and y will be:
How to determine solution of pair of linear equation would be unique, infinite many solution or no solution
A given pair of linear equations in two variables:
(a)1x + (b)1y + (c)1 = 0
(a)2x + (b)2y + (c)2 = 0
Test your understanding
a) px + qy + c = 0
b) ax2 + bx + c = 0
c) 3x + 2y = 5
d) None of these
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)0
a) Intersecting both the axes
b) parallel to y-axis
c) parallel to x-axis
d) Passing through the origin
a) 4
b) 6
c) 5
d) 2
a) (2, 0)
b) (0, 3)
c) (3, 0)
d) (0, 2)
a) (a, –a)
b) (0, a)
c) (a, 0)
d) (a, a)
a) 2x + y = 17
b) x + y = 17
c) x + 2y = 17
d) 3x – 2y = 17
a) (0, y)
b) (x, 0)
c) (x, x)
d) (x, y)
a)y – x = 0
b)x + y = 0
c) –2x + y = 0
d) –x + 2y = 0
a) (0, 3)
b) (3, 0)
c) (2, 0)
d) (0, 2)
a) x = a
b) y = –a
c) y = x
d) x + y = 0
a) x = 8
b) x = –8
c)y = 8
d)y = –8
a) (1, 1)
b) (0, 1)
c) (–1, 1)
d) None of these
a) x = –m
b) x + y = 0
c) y = x
d) None of these
a) x = 3
b) x = –3
c) y = x
d) None of these
a) y = 2x + c
b) y = 2x – c
c) y = 2x
d) None of these
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) infinite
a) x-y=0
b) x+y=0
c) 2x-y=0
d) x-2y=0
a) x-y=0
b) x+y=0
c) 2x-y=0
d) x-2y=0
a) Unique solution
b) Two solutions
c) Infinitely many solutions
d) No solutions
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 8
a) 4/3
b) 5/3
c) 3
d) 7/3
a) 1 .x + 1 .y = 5
b) 0 .x + 0 .y = 5
c) 1 .x + 0 .y = 5
d)0 .x + 1 .y = 5
a)First quadrant
b)Second quadrant
c)Third quadrant
d)Fourth quadrant
a)Remains same
b)Increases
c)Changes when multiplied only
d)Changes when divided only
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) Infinite
MCQ Test
